The Science and Research Papers Backing our Ingredients
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide
“NMN combined with L. fermentum TKSN041 had good in vitro antioxidant capacity and improved UVB-induced skin damage in mice.”
Zhou, X., Du, H.-H., Ni, L., Ran, J., Hu, J., Yu, J., & Zhao, X. (2021). Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Combined With Lactobacillus fermentum TKSN041 Reduces the Photoaging Damage in Murine Skin by Activating AMPK Signaling Pathway. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12.
“NMN is a human-friendly anti-melanogenic agent with the potential to aid in aging-related hyperpigmentation therapy”
Brito, S., Baek, J.-M., Cha, B., Heo, H., Lee, S.-H., Lei, L., Jung, S. Y., Lee, S. M., Lee, S. H., Kwak, B.-M., Chae, S., Lee, M.-G., & Bin, B.-H. (2022). Nicotinamide mononucleotide reduces melanin production in aged melanocytes by inhibiting cAMP/Wnt signaling. Journal of Dermatological Science, 106(3), 159–169.
L-Glutathione
“Topical and oral glutathione were effective skin-lightening agents. Furthermore, combination of topical and oral glutathione might be superior to monotherapy.”
Wahab, S., Anwar, A. I., Zainuddin, A. N., Hutabarat, E. N., Anwar, A. A., & Kurniadi, I. (2021). Combination of topical and oral glutathione as a skin‐whitening agent: A double‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial. International Journal of Dermatology, 60(8), 1013–1018.
“A significant skin lightening was observed after 12 weeks of oral supplementation with L-Cystine associated with L-Glutathione. This combination also induced a significant reduction in the size of facial dark spots after 6 and 12 weeks.”
Duperray, J., Sergheraert, R., Chalothorn, K., Tachalerdmanee, P., & Perin, F. (2021). The effects of the oral supplementation of L‐Cystine associated with reduced L‐Glutathione‐GSH on human skin pigmentation: A randomized, double‐blinded, benchmark‐ and placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 21(2), 802–813.
Ceramides
“We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel comparative study in which males and females between 20 and 60 years of age who were worried about dry skin ingested a food with acetic acid bacteria containing 0.8 mg of dihydroceramide or a placebo for 12 weeks.”
Tsuchiya, Y., Ban, M., Kishi, M., Ono, T., & Masaki, H. (2020). Safety and efficacy of oral intake of ceramide-containing acetic acid bacteria for improving the stratum corneum hydration: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study over 12 weeks. Journal of Oleo Science, 69(11), 1497–1508.
Colourless Carotenoids
“Carotenoids are natural dietary products that have been shown to intervene in health-promoting actions and whose value in the context of nutricosmetics continues to grow.”
Meléndez-Martínez, A. J., Stinco, C. M., & Mapelli-Brahm, P. (2019). Skin carotenoids in public health and nutricosmetics: The emerging roles and applications of the UV radiation-absorbing colourless carotenoids phytoene and phytofluene. Nutrients, 11(5), 1093.
“From the literature it can be inferred that a diet rich in carotenoid-containing products and the avoidance of stress factors have a beneficial impact on skin health and appearance, with other likely beneficial systemic effects."
Meléndez-Martínez, A. J., Stinco, C. M., & Mapelli-Brahm, P. (2019b). Skin carotenoids in public health and nutricosmetics: The emerging roles and applications of the UV radiation-absorbing colourless carotenoids phytoene and phytofluene. Nutrients, 11(5), 1093.
Astaxanthin
“ASX may prevent UV-induced immunosuppression. Some clinical studies have shown a relationship between the intake of ASX and positive effects on cutaneous physiology”
Davinelli, S., Nielsen, M., & Scapagnini, G. (2018). Astaxanthin in skin health, repair, and disease: A comprehensive review. Nutrients, 10(4), 522.
“ASX oral and/or topical applications may delay and improve the signs of skin ageing by enhancing moisture content and skin elasticity, reducing facial wrinkles and sebum oil due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects and improved effects on skin barrier integrity”
Zhou, X., Cao, Q., Orfila, C., Zhao, J., & Zhang, L. (2021). Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of astaxanthin on human skin ageing. Nutrients, 13(9), 2917.
